Pin Mappings

Raspberry Pi 2 & 3 Pin Mappings

Hardware interfaces for the Raspberry Pi 2 and Raspberry Pi 3 are exposed through the 40-pin header J8 on the board. Functionality includes:
• 24x - GPIO pins
• 1x - Serial UARTs (RPi3 only includes mini UART)
• 2x - SPI bus
• 1x - I2C bus
• 2x - 5V power pins
• 2x - 3.3V power pins
• 8x - Ground pins

GPIO Pins

Let's look at the GPIO available on this device.

GPIO Pin Overview

The following GPIO pins are accessible through APIs:

GPIO#	Power-on Pull	Alternate Functions	Header Pin
2	PullUp	I2C1 SDA	3
3	PullUp	I2C1 SCL	5
4	PullUp		7
5	PullUp		29
6	PullUp		31
7	PullUp	SPI0 CS1	26
8	PullUp	SPI0 CS0	24
9	PullDown	SPI0 MISO	21
10	PullDown	SPI0 MOSI	19
11	PullDown	SPI0 SCLK	23
12	PullDown		32
13	PullDown		33
16	PullDown	SPI1 CS0	36
17	PullDown		11
18	PullDown		12
19	PullDown	SPI1 MISO	35
20	PullDown	SPI1 MOSI	38
21	PullDown	SPI1 SCLK	40
22	PullDown		15
23	PullDown		16
24	PullDown		18
25	PullDown		22
26	PullDown		37
27	PullDown		13
35*	PullUp		Red Power LED
47*	PullUp		Green Activity LED

* = Raspberry Pi 2 ONLY. GPIO 35 & 47 are not available on Raspberry Pi 3.

GPIO Sample

As an example, the following code opens GPIO 5 as an output and writes a digital '1' out on the pin:
C#

using Windows.Devices.Gpio;

public void GPIO()
{
    // Get the default GPIO controller on the system
    GpioController gpio = GpioController.GetDefault();
    if (gpio == null)
        return; // GPIO not available on this system

    // Open GPIO 5
    using (GpioPin pin = gpio.OpenPin(5))
    {
        // Latch HIGH value first. This ensures a default value when the pin is set as output
        pin.Write(GpioPinValue.High);

        // Set the IO direction as output
        pin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);

    } // Close pin - will revert to its power-on state
}

When you open a pin, it will be in its power-on state, which may include a pull resistor. To disconnect the pull resistors and get a high-impedance input, set the drive mode to GpioPinDriveMode.Input:

    pin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Input);

When a pin is closed, it reverts to its power-on state.

Pin Muxing

Some GPIO pins can perform multiple functions. By default, pins are configured as GPIO inputs. When you open an alternate function by calling I2cDevice.FromIdAsync() or SpiDevice.FromIdAsync() , the pins required by the function are automatically switched ("muxed") to the correct function. When the device is closed by calling I2cDevice.Dispose() or SpiDevice.Dispose(), the pins revert back to their default function. If you try to use a pin for two different functions at once, an exception will be thrown when you try to open the conflicting function. For example,
C#

var controller = GpioController.GetDefault();
var gpio2 = controller.OpenPin(2);      // open GPIO2, shared with I2C1 SDA

var dis = await DeviceInformation.FindAllAsync(I2cDevice.GetDeviceSelector());
var i2cDevice = await I2cDevice.FromIdAsync(dis[0].Id, new I2cConnectionSettings(0x55)); // exception thrown because GPIO2 is open

gpio2.Dispose(); // close GPIO2
var i2cDevice = await I2cDevice.FromIdAsync(dis[0].Id, new I2cConnectionSettings(0x55)); // succeeds because gpio2 is now available

var gpio2 = controller.OpenPin(2); // throws exception because GPIO2 is in use as SDA1

i2cDevice.Dispose(); // release I2C device
var gpio2 = controller.OpenPin(2); // succeeds now that GPIO2 is available

Serial UART

There is one Serial UART available on the RPi2/3: UART0
• Pin 8 - UART0 TX
• Pin 10 - UART0 RX
The example below initializes UART0 and performs a write followed by a read:
C#

using Windows.Storage.Streams;
using Windows.Devices.Enumeration;
using Windows.Devices.SerialCommunication;

public async void Serial()
{
    string aqs = SerialDevice.GetDeviceSelector("UART0");                   /* Find the selector string for the serial device   */
    var dis = await DeviceInformation.FindAllAsync(aqs);                    /* Find the serial device with our selector string  */
    SerialDevice SerialPort = await SerialDevice.FromIdAsync(dis[0].Id);    /* Create an serial device with our selected device */

    /* Configure serial settings */
    SerialPort.WriteTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1000);
    SerialPort.ReadTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1000);
    SerialPort.BaudRate = 9600;                                             /* mini UART: only standard baudrates */
    SerialPort.Parity = SerialParity.None;                                  /* mini UART: no parities */  
    SerialPort.StopBits = SerialStopBitCount.One;                           /* mini UART: 1 stop bit */
    SerialPort.DataBits = 8;

    /* Write a string out over serial */
    string txBuffer = "Hello Serial";
    DataWriter dataWriter = new DataWriter();
    dataWriter.WriteString(txBuffer);
    uint bytesWritten = await SerialPort.OutputStream.WriteAsync(dataWriter.DetachBuffer());

    /* Read data in from the serial port */
    const uint maxReadLength = 1024;
    DataReader dataReader = new DataReader(SerialPort.InputStream);
    uint bytesToRead = await dataReader.LoadAsync(maxReadLength);
    string rxBuffer = dataReader.ReadString(bytesToRead);
}

Note that you must add the following capability to the Package.appxmanifest file in your UWP project to run Serial UART code:
Visual Studio 2017 has a known bug in the Manifest Designer (the visual editor for appxmanifest files) that affects the serialcommunication capability. If your appxmanifest adds the serialcommunication capability, modifying your appxmanifest with the designer will corrupt your appxmanifest (the Device xml child will be lost). You can work around this problem by hand editing the appxmanifest by right-clicking your appxmanifest and selecting View Code from the context menu.
XML

  <Capabilities>
    <DeviceCapability Name="serialcommunication">
      <Device Id="any">
        <Function Type="name:serialPort" />
      </Device>
    </DeviceCapability>
  </Capabilities>

I2C Bus

Let's look at the I2C bus available on this device.

I2C Overview

There is one I2C controller I2C1 exposed on the pin header with two lines SDA and SCL. 1.8KΩ internal pull-up resistors are already installed on the board for this bus.

Signal Name	Header Pin Number	Gpio Number
SDA	3	2
SCL	5	3

The example below initializes I2C1 and writes data to an I2C device with address 0x40:
C#

using Windows.Devices.Enumeration;
using Windows.Devices.I2c;

public async void I2C()
{
    // 0x40 is the I2C device address
    var settings = new I2cConnectionSettings(0x40);
    // FastMode = 400KHz
    settings.BusSpeed = I2cBusSpeed.FastMode;

    // Create an I2cDevice with the specified I2C settings
    var controller = await I2cController.GetDefaultAsync();

    using (I2cDevice device = controller.GetDevice(settings))
    {
        byte[] writeBuf = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 };
        device.Write(writeBuf);
    }
}

SPI Bus

There are two SPI bus controllers available on the RPi2/3.

SPI0

Signal Name	Header Pin Number	Gpio Number
MOSI	19	10
MISO	21	9
SCLK	23	11
CS0	24	8
CS1	26	7

SPI1

Signal Name	Header Pin Number	Gpio Number
MOSI	38	20
MISO	35	19
SCLK	40	21
CS0	36	16

SPI Sample

An example of how to perform a SPI write on bus SPI0 using chip select 0 is shown below:
C#

using Windows.Devices.Enumeration;
using Windows.Devices.Spi;

public async void SPI()
{
    // Use chip select line CS0
    var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(0);
    // Set clock to 10MHz
    settings.ClockFrequency = 10000000;

    // Get a selector string that will return our wanted SPI controller
    string aqs = SpiDevice.GetDeviceSelector("SPI0");

    // Find the SPI bus controller devices with our selector string
    var dis = await DeviceInformation.FindAllAsync(aqs);

    // Create an SpiDevice with our selected bus controller and Spi settings
    using (SpiDevice device = await SpiDevice.FromIdAsync(dis[0].Id, settings))
    {
        byte[] writeBuf = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 };
        device.Write(writeBuf);
    }
}

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